A Comparative Study of Chamomile Essential Oils and Lipophilic Extracts Obtained by Conventional and Greener Extraction Techniques: Chemometric Approach to Chemical Composition and Biological Activity

Bearing in mind the centuries-old traditional use of chamomile, but also increasing demand for its products modern industry, oriented toward sustainable development, there are efforts efficient extraction high-value compounds this plant, as well obtaining with added value. With that goal, conventional and contemporary separation techniques were applied work. Both hydrodistillation processes (HD), conducted a manner coupled microwave irradiation (MWHD), used essential oil isolation. In parallel those procedures, chamomile lipophilic extracts obtained by Soxhlet applying organic solvents using supercritical fluid greener approach. The oils characterized terms chemical composition (GC analysis, contents total phenolics flavonoids) biological potential. GC analysis revealed oxygenated sesquiterpenes non-terpene dominant compounds. α-Bisabolol oxide A (29.71–34.41%) α-bisabolol B (21.06–25.83%) most abundant individual components samples distillation while extracts, major pentacosane. potential was tested set analyzes to estimate inhibition biologically important enzymes (amylase, glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, tyrosinase) antioxidant capacity (DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, FRAP, chelating capacity). results suggested better antioxidants, proven be inhibitors enzymes. Principal Component Analysis experimental EOs different techniques, showing clear discrimination between methods correlation profile. Molecular docking identification main active principles present oil, among which α-bisabolol-oxide (cp3) showed higher affinity tyrosinase.